² Although Neanderthal man of 40 to 60,000 BC appears not to be regarded by the anthropologists as a direct ancestor of ourselves, nevertheless it would seem to me that he must have been ‘man’, for his burial-sites show a religious care for the dead. At his places of interment the covering stones have revealed ritual markings; moreover food-offerings, weapons and possibly a life-symbol (a horn) have been found buried with him. Further, the hollow markings (‘cup-marks’) are similar to those which characterize the sacred stones of tens of thousands of years afterwards, in the New Stone Age culture which began, as far as Western Europe is concerned, as recently as c. 5,000 BC, or later, to continue among some primitive peoples to this day, in some parts of the world.