¹ Cf., with regard to these clothes, the interesting examples, given by T. C. Lethbridge, of the probable influence of the Classical forms on the Celtic and Teutonic peoples, even those outside the Roman world, and as late as the Norse-Irish wars. (See Merlin’s Island, 144-145.)

² Lacerna, paenula, planeta, phelonion, amphibaIum, casula, in Welsh casuI, in English chasuble, by whatever name, this rational, probably Ionian, garment became increasingly fashionable in the Roman world from the third century and was still worn in the seventh century; to be subsequently retained by the conservatism of the Church, so that clergy still wear it in 1950, but now only if they are priests and only at Mass and only if they are celebrants of the Mass. When these, who alone are now privileged to wear it, kiss it and put it on, perhaps they sometimes remember that had not Roman, sub-Roman and post-Roman persons of various sorts and their wives and daughters worn it as a customary top-coat, they would not now be wearing it as the specific sign of those who represent rational man and who offer a rational sacrifice under the forms of bread and wine. About 400 the chasuble was compulsory for senators, and in a contemporary painting (cited by Duchesne), Gregory the Great (540-604), his father and his mother are each wearing it.